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Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria, alpha-hemolytic member of the genus Streptococcus. [1] S. pneumoniae cells are usually found in pairs ( diplococci ) and do not form spores and are non motile. [ 2 ]
Pneumococcal infection is an infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. [1]S. pneumoniae is a common member of the bacterial flora colonizing the nose and throat of 5–10% of healthy adults and 20–40% of healthy children. [2]
Pneumococcal pneumonia is a type of bacterial pneumonia that is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). [1] It is the most common bacterial pneumonia found in adults, the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia, and one of the common types of pneumococcal infection. The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal ...
Despite the emergence of antibiotics as a treatment for group A streptococcus, cases of iGAS are an increasing problem, particularly on the continent of Africa. [ 5 ] There are many other species of Streptococcus , including group B streptococcus Streptococcus agalactiae , and Streptococcus pneumoniae , which cause other types of infections.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in all age groups except newborn infants. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium that often lives in the throat of people who do not have pneumonia. Other important Gram-positive causes of pneumonia are Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis.
Pneumococcal vaccines are vaccines against the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. [1] Their use can prevent some cases of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. [1] There are two types of pneumococcal vaccines: conjugate vaccines and polysaccharide vaccines. [1] They are given by injection either into a muscle or just under the skin. [1]
First-line treatment is cefuroxime or co-amoxiclav. [7] Third-line treatment, as well as treatment in penicillin-allergic patients, is a fluoroquinolone such as ciprofloxacin. [7] An agent active against Streptococcus pneumoniae may have to be added. [7] Corticosteroids such as prednisolone reduce inflammation in the airways. [17]
[13] [15] Pneumonia is also the leading cause of death in children less than five years of age in low income countries. [15] The most common cause of pneumonia is pneumococcal bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae accounts for 2/3 of bacteremic pneumonias. [16] Invasive pneumococcal pneumonia has a mortality rate of around 20%. [14]