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For people eating a gluten-free diet who are unable to perform an oral gluten challenge, an alternative to identify a possible celiac disease is an in vitro gliadin challenge of small bowel biopsies, but this test is available only at selected specialized tertiary-care centers. [5]
Coeliac disease (British English) or celiac disease (American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye, spelt and barley. [10]
Celiac Sprue Association/United States of America is a member-based nonprofit organization dedicated to helping individuals with celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis worldwide through education, research, and support. It has information for its members on following a gluten-free diet.
Deamidated gliadin is also found in foods that have added gluten, such as wheat bread, food pastes. The major gluten proteins that are involved in coeliac disease are the α-gliadin isoforms. Alpha gliadin is composed of repeated motifs that, when digested, can be presented by HLA-DQ molecules.
The type of protein here is gluten, the main culprit in Celiac disease. Well, really the main culprit behind celiac disease is a 33 amino acid peptide component of gluten called gliadin. Okay, so the gliadin in gluten is what triggers immune attack in Celiac disease, hence the need for gluten-free pizza or buns in hamburgers, right?
For people with celiac disease, a lifelong strict gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment to date; [23] [69] For people diagnosed with non-celiac gluten sensitivity, there are still open questions concerning for example the duration of such a diet.
Gluten-free diet: A diet which avoids the protein gluten, which is found in barley, rye and wheat. It is a medical treatment for gluten-related disorders, which include coeliac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, gluten ataxia, dermatitis herpetiformis and wheat allergy. [50] [51] [52] [53]
Anti-gliadin antibodies were one of the first serological markers for coeliac disease. Problematic with AGA is the typical sensitivity and specificity was about 85%. Gliadin peptides which are synthesized as the deamidated form have much higher sensitivity and specificity, creating 2 serological tests for CD that approach biopsy diagnostic in ...