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The few studies so far conducted into catastrophizing in cancer pain have suggested that it is associated with higher levels of pain and psychological distress. People with cancer pain who accept that pain will persist and nevertheless are able to engage in a meaningful life were less susceptible to catastrophizing and depression in one study.
It was not until 2011 that the term "cancer-associated cachexia" was given a formal definition, with a publication by Kenneth Fearon. Fearon defined it as "a multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle (with or without loss of fat mass) that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support and leads to ...
In those unable to control their secretions, or who have muscle spams of the respiratory muscles, mechanical ventilation may be needed. [7] The best pharmacological treatment is still unclear. Dantrolene has been used when needed to reduce muscle rigidity, and dopamine pathway medications such as bromocriptine have shown benefit. [44]
Acute muscle soreness (AMS) is the pain felt in muscles during and immediately, up to 24 hours, after strenuous physical exercise. The pain appears within a minute of contracting the muscle and it will disappear within two or three minutes or up to several hours after relaxing it. [1] There are two causes of acute muscle soreness: [1]
It is commonly seen in cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease and AIDS although it is associated with many disease processes, usually with a significant inflammatory component. Cachexia causes ongoing muscle loss that is not entirely reversed with nutritional therapy. [6]
Between 40 and 80 percent of patients with cancer pain experience neuropathic pain. [1]Brain. Brain tissue itself contains no nociceptors; brain tumors cause pain by pressing on blood vessels or the membrane that encapsulates the brain (the meninges), or indirectly by causing a build-up of fluid that may compress pain-sensitive tissue.
Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue. It is a symptom of many diseases . The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles ; another likely cause is viral infection , especially when there has been no injury .
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.