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Drive reduction theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, is a major theory of motivation in the behaviorist learning theory tradition. [1] "Drive" is defined as motivation that arises due to a psychological or physiological need. [2] It works as an internal stimulus that motivates an individual to sate the drive. [3]
In early attachment theory, behavioral drive reduction was proposed by Dollard and Miller (1950) as an explanation of the mechanisms behind early attachment in infants. . Behavioural drive reduction theory suggests that infants are born with innate drives, such as hunger and thirst, which only the caregiver, usually the mother, can r
These were drive, cue, response and reward and were based on Hull's drive reduction theory of learning. [19] They used a similar construct to Hull's theory, however, they proposed that any strong stimulus could have motivating or drive properties without essentially being tied to the need of that particular organism. [20]
Kenneth Wartinbee Spence (May 6, 1907 – January 12, 1967) was a prominent American psychologist known for both his theoretical and experimental contributions to learning theory and motivation. As one of the leading theorists of his time, [ 1 ] Spence was the most cited psychologist in the 14 most influential psychology journals in the last ...
Wolpe's "reciprocal inhibition" desensitization process is based on established psychology theories, including Clark Hull 's drive-reduction theory (which suggests that reducing a drive decreases anxiety) and Sherrington's concept of reciprocal inhibition (which proposes that certain responses can be inhibited by activating opposing responses. [6]
Drive-reduction theory assumes that “the reduction of emotional tension operates as a reinforcement of the reassuring recommendation.” [2] That is, once fear is aroused and creates motivation for action (drive), any relief stimuli (such as the recommended behaviour) that decreases the fear is a reinforcement of the recommended behavior. [3]
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In order to relieve the emotional tension of the threat, the "drive" state motivates behavior conduct that reduces the tension. According to the drive theory, it is expected that the greater the fear, the greater the compliance to message recommendations. Research has not produced consistent empirical results supporting the drive reduction model.