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Scale can be considered both objectively and subjectively. In terms of objective, scale refers to the exact literal physical dimensions of an object in the real world or the coloration between the representation and the real one. Printed maps can be good examples as they have an exact scale representing the real physical world.
Test construction strategies are the various ways that items in a psychological measure are created and decided upon. They are most often associated with personality tests but can also be applied to other psychological constructs such as mood or psychopathology.
A representation of hierarchical feature extraction and combination in the visual system. Visual hierarchy, according to Gestalt psychology, is a pattern in the visual field wherein some elements tend to "stand out," or attract attention, more strongly than other elements, suggesting a hierarchy of importance. [1]
The design of tea cups and a teapot suggest their respective functions A door knob shaped to reflect how it is used, an example of perceptible affordance Affordance is one of several design principles used when designing graphical user interfaces. In psychology, affordance is what the environment offers the
The principles of similarity and proximity often work together to form a Visual Hierarchy. Either principle can dominate the other, depending on the application and combination of the two. For example, in the grid to the left, the similarity principle dominates the proximity principle; the rows are probably seen before the columns.
Mental models are iconic, i.e., each part of a model corresponds to each part of what it represents (Johnson-Laird, 2006). Mental models are based on a principle of truth: they typically represent only those situations that are possible, and each model of a possibility represents only what is true in that possibility according to the proposition.
Examples include the design and layout of a desktop's shortcuts in rows and columns. [37] In map design, principles of Prägnanz or grouping are crucial for implying a conceptual order to the portrayed geographic features, thus facilitating the intended use of the map. [57]
Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. [1] Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.