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Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), also known as variable refrigerant volume (VRV), is an HVAC technology invented by Daikin Industries, Ltd. in 1982. [1] Similar to ductless mini-split systems, VRFs use refrigerant as the primary cooling and heating medium, and are usually less complex than conventional chiller-based systems.
The program features include time schedules, set points, controllers, logic, timers, trend logs, and alarms. The unit controllers typically have analog and digital inputs that allow measurement of the variable (temperature, humidity, or pressure) and analog and digital outputs for control of the transport medium (hot/cold water and/or steam ...
Control of the system's fan capacity is critical in VAV systems. Without proper and rapid flow rate control, the system's ductwork, or its sealing, can easily be damaged by overpressurization. In the cooling mode of operation, as the temperature in the space is satisfied, a VAV box closes to limit the flow of cool air into the space.
Air flow control (CAV or VAV air handlers) Zone control (single zone or multi zone air handlers) Fan location (draw-through or blow-through) Direction of outlet air flow (front, up, or down) Package model (horizontal or vertical) But, the first method is very usual in HVAC market. In fact, most of the company advertise their products by air ...
The control system can compare the temperature of the outside air vs. return air, or it can compare the enthalpy of the air, as is frequently done in climates where humidity is more of an issue. In both cases, the outside air must be less energetic than the return air for the system to enter the economizer mode.
Demand control ventilation is an attractive alternative to standard design in these situations because DCV systems only supply the outdoor airflow necessary to serve the occupants in a space. Therefore, the above-described energy is not wasted in this system type.
In control systems, sliding mode control (SMC) is a nonlinear control method that alters the dynamics of a nonlinear system by applying a discontinuous control signal (or more rigorously, a set-valued control signal) that forces the system to "slide" along a cross-section of the system's normal behavior.
Hence, the regulated temperature is like a sliding mode of the variable structure system setup by the bang–bang controller. Symbol for a bang–bang control. In control theory, a bang–bang controller (hysteresis, 2 step or on–off controller), is a feedback controller that switches abruptly between two states.