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  2. Foreach loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreach_loop

    foreach is usually used in place of a standard for loop statement. Unlike other for loop constructs, however, foreach loops [1] usually maintain no explicit counter: they essentially say "do this to everything in this set", rather than "do this x times". This avoids potential off-by-one errors and makes code simpler to read.

  3. Language Integrated Query - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_Integrated_Query

    The default ordering is in ascending order, to reverse the order, the OrderByDescending operator is to be used. ThenBy and ThenByDescending specifies subsequent ordering of the elements. The function to extract the key value from the object is specified by the user as a delegate. Reverse The Reverse operator reverses a collection. GroupBy

  4. Order of operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

    The order of operations, that is, the order in which the operations in an expression are usually performed, results from a convention adopted throughout mathematics, science, technology and many computer programming languages. It is summarized as: [2] [5] Parentheses; Exponentiation; Multiplication and division; Addition and subtraction

  5. For loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_loop

    The reverse order is also used by some programmers. This style is generally agreed to have originated from the early programming of Fortran [citation needed], where these variable names beginning with these letters were implicitly declared as having an integer type, and so were obvious choices for loop counters that were only temporarily required.

  6. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    In the example above, + is an associative operation, so the final result will be the same regardless of parenthesization, although the specific way in which it is calculated will be different. In the general case of non-associative binary functions, the order in which the elements are combined may influence the final result's value.

  7. Undo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undo

    Every command class has a do method which is called when a command is executed. The undo-method implements the reverse operation of the do-method. To implement the reverse, there are several different strategies. full checkpoint: That means that the complete state is saved after a command is executed. This is the easiest implementation, but is ...

  8. Tree traversal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_traversal

    Depending on the problem at hand, pre-order, post-order, and especially one of the number of subtrees − 1 in-order operations may be optional. Also, in practice more than one of pre-order, post-order, and in-order operations may be required. For example, when inserting into a ternary tree, a pre-order operation is performed by comparing items.

  9. Prefix sum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix_sum

    Prefix sums are trivial to compute in sequential models of computation, by using the formula y i = y i − 1 + x i to compute each output value in sequence order. However, despite their ease of computation, prefix sums are a useful primitive in certain algorithms such as counting sort, [1] [2] and they form the basis of the scan higher-order function in functional programming languages.