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Butane (/ ˈ b juː t eɪ n /) is an alkane with the formula C 4 H 10. Butane exists as two isomers, n-butane with connectivity CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 and iso-butane with the formula (CH 3) 3 CH. Both isomers are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases that quickly vaporize at room temperature and pressure.
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
Methanol is made from methane (natural gas) in a series of three reactions: Steam reforming CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3 H 2 Δ r H = +206 kJ mol −1 Water shift reaction CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 Δ r H = -41 kJ mol −1 Synthesis 2 H 2 + CO → CH 3 OH Δ r H = -92 kJ mol −1. The methanol thus formed may be converted to gasoline by the Mobil ...
n-BuLi reacts violently with water: C 4 H 9 Li + H 2 O → C 4 H 10 + LiOH. This is an exergonic and highly exothermic reaction. If oxygen is present the butane produced may ignite. BuLi also reacts with CO 2 to give lithium pentanoate: C 4 H 9 Li + CO 2 → C 4 H 9 CO 2 Li
Butane and propane do not react with each other and are regularly mixed. Butane boils at 0.6 °C. Propane is more volatile, with a boiling point of -42 °C. Vaporization is rapid at temperatures above the boiling points. The calorific (heat) values of the two are almost equal.
During the reforming reactions, the carbon number of the reactants remains unchanged, except for hydrocracking reactions which break down the hydrocarbons. The hydrocracking of paraffins is the only one of the above four major reforming reactions that consumes hydrogen. The isomerization of normal paraffins does not consume or produce hydrogen.
A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as thermal energy or to be used for work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy, such as nuclear energy (via nuclear fission ...
A second method for producing butanol involves the Reppe reaction of propylene with CO and water: [11] CH 3 CH=CH 2 + H 2 O + 2 CO → CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH + CO 2. In former times, butanol was prepared from crotonaldehyde, which can be obtained from acetaldehyde. Butanol can also be produced by fermentation of biomass by bacteria.