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  2. Paper chromatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_chromatography

    Paper chromatography is an analytical method used to separate colored chemicals or ... if a compound travels 9.9 cm and the solvent front travels 12.7 cm, ...

  3. Retardation factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retardation_factor

    In chromatography, the retardation factor (R) is the fraction of an analyte in the mobile phase of a chromatographic system. [1] In planar chromatography in particular, the retardation factor R F is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the center of a spot to the distance traveled by the solvent front. [2]

  4. Thin-layer chromatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-layer_chromatography

    The plate is removed from the container before the solvent reaches the top of the plate; otherwise, the results will be misleading. The solvent front, the highest mark the solvent has travelled along the plate, is marked. Visualization: The solvent evaporates from the plate. Visualization methods include UV light, staining, and many more.

  5. Chromatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography

    Paper chromatography is a technique that involves placing a small dot or line of sample solution onto a strip of chromatography paper. The paper is placed in a container with a shallow layer of solvent and sealed. As the solvent rises through the paper, it meets the sample mixture, which starts to travel up the paper with the solvent.

  6. Analytical chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_chemistry

    Thus, different components of the mixture move at different speed. Different components of a mixture can therefore be identified by their respective R ƒ values, which is the ratio between the migration distance of the substance and the migration distance of the solvent front during chromatography. In combination with the instrumental methods ...

  7. Elution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elution

    Elution principle of column chromatography. In analytical and organic chemistry, elution is the process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent: washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions, or eluting proteins or other biopolymers from a gel electrophoresis or chromatography column.

  8. High-performance thin-layer chromatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-performance_thin...

    Between each sample reading, the mobile phase and filter paper are changed to ensure the best outcomes. The spot capacity (analogous to peak capacity in HPLC) can be increased by developing the plate with two different solvents, using two-dimensional chromatography. [8] The procedure begins with development of a sample loaded plate with first ...

  9. Aqueous normal-phase chromatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_normal-phase...

    In reversed phase chromatography, the most polar compounds elute first with the more nonpolar compounds eluting later. The mobile phase is generally a mixture of water and miscible polarity-modifying organic solvent, such as methanol, acetonitrile or THF. Retention increases as the fraction of the polar solvent (water) in the mobile phase is ...