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Thus, martensite can be thermally induced or stress induced. [1] [3] The growth of martensite phase requires very little thermal activation energy because the process is a diffusionless transformation, which results in the subtle but rapid rearrangement of atomic positions, and has been known to occur even at cryogenic temperatures. [1]
Tweezers made of 410 martensitic stainless steel. Martensitic stainless steels are a family of stainless steels having body-centered tetragonal (BCT) crystal structure and a predominately martensite structure. They are characterized by being magnetic and having the ability to be hardened through heat treatment.
The term "martensite" was originally coined to describe the rigid and finely dispersed constituent that emerges in steels subjected to rapid cooling. Subsequent investigations revealed that materials beyond ferrous alloys, such as non-ferrous alloys and ceramics, can also undergo diffusionless transformations.
Further excessive heat-treatment brings about the decomposition of the martensite and reversion to austenite. Newer compositions of maraging steels have revealed other intermetallic stoichiometries and crystallographic relationships with the parent martensite, including rhombohedral and massive complex Ni 50 (X,Y,Z) 50 (Ni 50 M 50 in simplified ...
Virtually generated microstructure of dual-phase steel. [1]Dual-phase steel (DP steel) is a high-strength steel that has a ferritic–martensitic microstructure. DP steels are produced from low or medium carbon steels that are quenched from a temperature above A 1 but below A 3 determined from continuous cooling transformation diagram.
Adolf Martens (Adolf Karl Gottfried Martens; 6 March 1850 in Gammelin – 24 July 1914 in Groß-Lichterfelde) was a German metallurgist and the namesake of the steel structure martensite and the martensitic transformation, a type of diffusionless phase transition in the solid state. [1] [2] He also made significant contributions to the field of ...
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The bainite, like martensite, grows without diffusion but some of the carbon then partitions into any residual austenite, or precipitates as cementite. A further distinction is often made between so-called lower-bainite, which forms at temperatures closer to the martensite start temperature, and upper-bainite which forms at higher temperatures.