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Common names of fish can refer to a single species; to an entire group of species, such as a genus or family; or to multiple unrelated species or groups. Ambiguous common names are accompanied by their possible meanings. Scientific names for individual species and higher taxa are included in parentheses.
When the common name of the organism in English derives from an indigenous language of the Americas, it is given first. In biological nomenclature , organisms receive scientific names , which are formally in Latin , but may be drawn from any language and many have incorporated words from indigenous language of the Americas.
Salmon (/ ˈ s æ m ən /; pl.: salmon) is the common name for several commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus of the family Salmonidae, native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (Salmo) and North Pacific (Oncorhynchus) basins.
Salmonidae (/ s æ l ˈ m ɒ n ɪ d iː /, lit. ' salmon-like ') is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes (/ s æ l ˈ m ɒ n ɪ f ɔːr m iː z /, lit. "salmon-shaped"), consisting of 11 extant genera and over 200 species collectively known as "salmonids" or "salmonoids".
The name Salmo derives from the Latin salmō, meaning salmon. The vast majority of the Salmo species are actually trout, except the Atlantic salmon, which along with six Pacific species from the genus Oncorhynchus (also from the subfamily Salmoninae, but of a different tribe) constitute the only seven officially recognized species of salmon.
The species' wide range has led to a wide array of local common names, with the most common English name being rainbow runner in reference to its colouring. Other names frequently applied include rainbow yellowtail, [4] Hawaiian salmon, salmon (incorrectly), Spanish jack, salmon del alto (Cuba), and over 20 other names in various languages. [2]
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The Atlantic salmon was given its scientific binomial name by Swedish zoologist and taxonomist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.The name, Salmo salar, derives from the Latin salmo, meaning salmon, and salar, meaning leaper, according to M. Barton, [4] but more likely meaning "resident of salt water" [citation needed].