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In general, drugs that cause acneiform eruptions can aggravate or cause the reappearance of pre-existing acne. The most common type of drug-induced acne is steroid acne. It is seen as a side effect of glucocorticosteroid treatment and also after steroid inhalation. It almost always happens a few weeks after starting the therapy. [3]
Benzoyl peroxide was first proposed as a treatment in 1958 and remains a staple of acne treatment. [209] The introduction of oral tetracycline antibiotics (such as minocycline) modified acne treatment in the 1950s. These reinforced the idea amongst dermatologists that bacterial growth on the skin plays an important role in causing acne. [206]
Acne with facial edema occurs uncommonly, and is associated with a peculiar inflammatory edema of the mid-third of the face. [3] The exact cause of edema in relation to acne is unknown. Treatment includes facial stockings as well as a combination of prednisone and isotretinoin .
[9] [2] Cutibacterium acnes is the suspected infectious agent in acne. [3] It can proliferate in sebum and cause inflamed pustules (pimples) characteristic of acne. [3] Nodules are inflamed, painful, deep bumps under the skin. [3] Comedones that are 1 mm or larger are called macrocomedones. [10]
No test for rosacea is known. In many cases, simple visual inspection by a trained health-care professional is sufficient for diagnosis. In other cases, particularly when pimples or redness on less-common parts of the face is present, a trial of common treatments is useful for confirming a suspected diagnosis.
The most common product is a topical treatment of benzoyl peroxide, which has minimal risk apart from minor skin irritation that may present similar as a mild allergy. [6] Recently, nicotinamide (vitamin B 3), applied topically, has been shown to be more effective in treatment of pimples than antibiotics such as clindamycin. [7]