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The premolars, also called premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant in the permanent set of teeth, making eight premolars total in the mouth. [1] [2] [3] They have at least two cusps.
This breaks down to two pairs of incisors, one pair of canines, two pairs of premolars, and three pairs of molars on each jaw. [1] In modern day humans, incisors are generally spatulate with a single root while canines are also single rooted but are single cusped and conical. [1] Premolars are bicuspid while molars are multi-cuspid. [1]
Instead, the teeth that precede the permanent mandibular premolars are the deciduous mandibular molars. Sometimes, premolars are referred to as bicuspids. Even though the terms are synonymous, "bicuspid" refers to having two functional cusps, and the mandibular first premolar is an example of a premolar with only one functional cusp.
A cusp is an elevation on an occlusal surface of posterior teeth and canines. It contributes to a significant portion of the tooth's surface. Canines have one cusp. Maxillary premolars and the mandibular first premolars usually have two cusps. Mandibular second premolars frequently have three cusps--- one buccal and two lingual.
See next paragraph for premolar naming etymology.) In humans, the third molar is known as the wisdom tooth, whether or not it has erupted. [13] Regarding premolars, there is disagreement regarding whether the third type of deciduous tooth is a premolar (the general consensus among mammalogists) or a molar (commonly held among human anatomists). [8]
Even though the terms are synonymous, "bicuspid" refers to having two functional cusps, and the mandibular second premolar is an example of a premolar with three functional cusps. Thus, "biscupid" is technically not as accurate as "premolar". In the universal system of notation, the permanent mandibular premolars are designated by a number. The ...
The mandibular first molar or six-year molar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular second premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular second molars. It is located on the mandibular (lower) arch of the mouth, and generally opposes the maxillary ...
The internal canal morphology is highly variable, but the majority of the mesiobuccal roots contain two canals. The distobuccal root is generally rounded or ovoid in cross section and usually contains a single canal. The palatal root is more broad mesiodistally than buccolingually and ovoidal in shape but normally contains only a single canal.