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CG at TEMAC means the CG is at 100% MAC. In the picture below, we can eyeball the %MAC to be around 10% MAC. Here is the generic formula: %MAC = CG −LEMAC WingWidth × 100 % M A C = C G − L E M A C W i n g W i d t h × 100. The formula is great because all the numbers are relatively the same for every airplane.
1. I have read a320's optimum CG position is 25% MAC. But, the aerodynamic center is also at 25% of chord. So since CG and aerodynamic center at the same position, there would be no moment arm of lift, so what will be the use of tail plane? Also, as fuel burns, the CG shifts rearward, in that case aerodynamic center will be in front of center ...
Because the mean aerodynamic chord is the mean chord of a rectangular wing that has the same pitch characteristics as the "real" wing. Pitch characteristics need to include pitch damping, and pitch damping grows with the square of the local chord. That is why the formula for the mean aerodynamic chord divides the square of the local chord by ...
C.G. limits for the various operating envelopes (zero fuel weight, taxi, takeoff, landing and others) use the %MAC for the x-axis and weight for the y-axis. Thus, weight and balance calculations come up with the actual C.G. in, say, inches, and then translate this to %MAC for to see if the C.G. lies within the the operating envelopes.
The first is related to the dynamic pressure the flow of air creates and is typically the limiting factor at lower altitudes. The Mach number is related to trans-sonic effects and is typically the limiting factor at higher altitudes where are is colder and the speed of sound is lower. For the pilot it thus important to know both the airspeed ...
Find the position of the centre of gravity in % of the MAC (mean aerodynamic chord) if the distance from the datum to the LEMC (leading edge of mean chord) is 13 meters, the distance to the TEMC (terminal edge of mean chord) is 19 meters and the distance from the datum to the centre of gravity is 15 meters?
Operating Weight (OW) DOW + Takeoff fuel (i.e. Ramp Fuel - Taxi fuel) Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW) DOW + Payload (anything put on the aircraft that generates revenue to the company, e.g. passenger, baggage, cargo, mail and fret) Maximum Taxi Weight (MTW) MZFW + Ramp fuel.
The speed of sound is decreasing because the air is getting colder (speed of sound in an ideal gas is proportional to the square root of the temperature). Both of these effects result in an increasing Mach number (M = TAS / speed of sound). Eventually, the Mach number will reach Mmo and now you are limited by Mmo rather than Vmo.
10. The new Boeing 737 MAX is based on the Boeing 737 Next Generation family, which it will replace. Also note that 737 MAX is still under development and is scheduled to release in 2017. Update: (Source) The first 7 is omitted and the suffix is now an M for Max, e.g. B37M for the Boeing 737 MAX 7. Wikipedia has complete list of ICAO codes here.
An FMS comprises four main components: The Flight Management Computer (FMC) The Automatic Flight Control or Automatic Flight Guidance System (AFCS or AFGS) The Aircraft Navigation System. An Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) or equivalent electromechanical instrumentation. The FMC is a computer system that uses a large data base to ...