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12th century. The 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and overlaps with what is often called the " 'Golden Age' of the Cistercians ".
The Renaissance of the 12th century was a period of many changes at the outset of the High Middle Ages. It included social, political and economic transformations, and an intellectual revitalization of Western Europe with strong philosophical and scientific roots. These changes paved the way for later achievements such as the literary and ...
For much of this period, Constantinople remained Europe's most populous city, and Byzantine art reached a peak in the 12th century. In architecture, many of the most notable Gothic cathedrals were built or completed around this period. The Crisis of the Late Middle Ages began at the start of the 14th century and marked the end of the period.
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the Post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three ...
[7] This proposition was later challenged, and it was argued that the 12th century was a period of greater cultural achievement. [8] As economic and demographic methods were applied to the study of history, the trend was increasingly to see the late Middle Ages as a period of recession and crisis.
e. England in the Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the medieval period, from the end of the 5th century through to the start of the early modern period in 1485. When England emerged from the collapse of the Roman Empire, the economy was in tatters and many of the towns abandoned. After several centuries of Germanic immigration ...
By the middle of the 11th century, Europe entered a new phase in its history, known as the "feudal revolution", [97] [98] which led to the economic and cultural boom of the 12th century. These processes were accelerated by the Crusades , which broke the cultural isolation of the Latin West and brought it into close contact with the Greco ...
Dark Ages (historiography) Petrarch (1304–1374), who conceived the idea of a European "Dark Age". From Cycle of Famous Men and Women, Andrea di Bartolo di Bargilla, c. 1450. The Dark Ages is a term for the Early Middle Ages (c. 5th –10th centuries), or occasionally the entire Middle Ages (c. 5th –15th centuries), in Western Europe after ...