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Rickettsia typhi is a small, gram-negative intracellular bacterium that establishes the murine typhus infection in mammals and fleas. [30] Murine typhus was once one of the most prevalent rickettsial diseases in the world, [8] [9] [10] having isolated the R. typhi causative agent from nearly every continent around the globe except for Antarctica.
Rickettsia prowazekii: Body louse: When the term "typhus" is used without qualification, this is usually the condition described. Historical references to "typhus" are now generally considered to be this condition. [citation needed] Murine typhus or "endemic typhus" Rickettsia typhi: Fleas on rats: Scrub typhus: Orientia tsutsugamushi
However, scrub typhus is still considered a rickettsiosis, even though the causative organism has been reclassified from Rickettsia tsutsugamushi to Orientia tsutsugamushi. [ citation needed ] Examples of rickettsioses include typhus , both endemic and epidemic, Rocky Mountain spotted fever , and Rickettsialpox .
Murine typhus, a rare infection (20-100 cases a year in the U.S.) caused by the bacterium Rickettsia typhi and transmitted by the feces of cat or rat fleas coming in contact with a break in the ...
Without treatment, the disease is often fatal. Since the use of antibiotics, case fatalities have decreased from 4–40% to less than 2%. [citation needed] The drug most commonly used is doxycycline or tetracycline, but chloramphenicol is an alternative. Strains that are resistant to doxycycline and chloramphenicol have been reported in ...
It is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia typhi, and is transmitted by the fleas that infest rats. While rat fleas are the most common vectors, cat fleas and mouse fleas are less common modes of transmission. These fleas are not affected by the infection. Human infection occurs because of flea-fecal contamination of the bites on human skin.
A spotted fever is a type of tick-borne disease which presents on the skin. [1] They are all caused by bacteria of the genus Rickettsia. Typhus is a group of similar diseases also caused by Rickettsia bacteria, but spotted fevers and typhus are different clinical entities.
Akira Tamura and colleagues reported in 1991 the structural differences of the bacterium from Rickettsia species that warranted a separate genus, and proposed the name Orientia tsutsugamushi. [19] Finally, in 1995, they made a new classification based on the morphological and biochemical properties, formally creating the new name O. tsutsugamushi .