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  2. Methods of computing square roots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing...

    A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...

  3. Slide rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule

    Inverting this process allows square roots to be found, and similarly for the powers 3, 1/3, 2/3, and 3/2. Care must be taken when the base, x, is found in more than one place on its scale. For instance, there are two nines on the A scale; to find the square root of nine, use the first one; the second one gives the square root of 90.

  4. Square root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root

    The square root of a positive integer is the product of the roots of its prime factors, because the square root of a product is the product of the square roots of the factors. Since p 2 k = p k , {\textstyle {\sqrt {p^{2k}}}=p^{k},} only roots of those primes having an odd power in the factorization are necessary.

  5. Napier's bones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napier's_bones

    To find the square root of a number that isn't an integer, say 54782.917, everything is the same, except that the digits to the left and right of the decimal point are grouped into twos. So 54782.917 would be grouped as 05 47 82.91 70. Then the square root can be found using the process previously mentioned.

  6. Fast inverse square root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_inverse_square_root

    Lighting and reflection calculations, as in the video game OpenArena, use the fast inverse square root code to compute angles of incidence and reflection.. Fast inverse square root, sometimes referred to as Fast InvSqrt() or by the hexadecimal constant 0x5F3759DF, is an algorithm that estimates , the reciprocal (or multiplicative inverse) of the square root of a 32-bit floating-point number in ...

  7. Square root of 3 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root_of_3

    The square root of 3 is the positive real number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number 3. It is denoted mathematically as 3 {\textstyle {\sqrt {3}}} or 3 1 / 2 {\displaystyle 3^{1/2}} . It is more precisely called the principal square root of 3 to distinguish it from the negative number with the same property.

  8. Integer square root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_square_root

    In number theory, the integer square root (isqrt) of a non-negative integer n is the non-negative integer m which is the greatest integer less than or equal to the square root of n, ⁡ = ⌊ ⌋. For example, isqrt ⁡ ( 27 ) = ⌊ 27 ⌋ = ⌊ 5.19615242270663... ⌋ = 5. {\displaystyle \operatorname {isqrt} (27)=\lfloor {\sqrt {27}}\rfloor ...

  9. Stepped reckoner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepped_reckoner

    The input section is moved with the end crank until the lefthand digits of the two numbers line up. The operation crank is turned and the divisor is subtracted from the accumulator repeatedly until the left hand (most significant) digit of the result is 0.if it shows any other number, that is the remainder. [citation needed]. The number showing ...