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A low-flush toilet (or low-flow toilet or high-efficiency toilet) is a flush toilet that uses significantly less water than traditional high-flow toilets. Before the early 1990s in the United States, standard flush toilets typically required at least 3.5 gallons (13.2 litres) per flush and they used float valves that often leaked, increasing their total water use.
Based on the WaterSense averaging rule over two reduced flushes and one full flush, a dual-flush toilet with a full flush at the US legal maximum of 1.6 US gallons (6.1 L) must have a reduced flush of 1.12 US gallons (4.2 L) or less to meet the WaterSense standard of 1.28 US gallons (4.8 L) on average. [17]
The amount of water used by conventional flush toilets is usually a significant portion of personal daily water usage: for example, five 10 L (2.6 US gallons) flushes per day use 50 L (13 US gallons). Modern low-flush toilet designs allow the use of much less water per flush, 4.5 to 6 L (1.2 to 1.6 US gallons) per flush. [citation needed]
The flushing can use as little as 2–3 litres (0.44–0.66 imp gal; 0.53–0.79 US gal). [3] This type of toilet is common in many Asian countries. The toilet can be connected to one or two pits, in which case it is called a "pour flush pit latrine" or a "twin pit pour flush to pit latrine". It can also be connected to a septic tank. [9]
[2] [3] At present, the word refers primarily to such fixtures and using "toilet" to refer to the room or activity ("use the toilet") is somewhat blunt and may be considered indiscreet. [4] [n 1] It is, however, a useful term since it is quickly understood by English-speakers across the world, whereas more polite terms vary by region.
Squat toilet (flush toilet) with water cistern for flushing (Cape Town, South Africa) A squat toilet (or squatting toilet) is a toilet used by squatting, rather than sitting. This means that the posture for defecation and for female urination is to place one foot on each side of the toilet drain or hole and to squat over it.