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The Office for Victims of Crime, established by the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) of 1984, administers the Crime Victims Fund. The fund is financed by fines paid by convicted federal offenders. As of September 2013, the Fund balance had reached almost $9 billion.
The Crime Victims' Rights Act, (CVRA) 18 U.S.C. § 3771, is part of the United States Justice for All Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108-405, 118 Stat. 2260 (effective Oct. 30, 2004). [1] The CVRA enumerates the rights afforded to victims in federal criminal cases and victims of offenses committed in the District of Columbia.
Nowadays, crime victims may be represented by a legal advisor throughout the legal process under the provisions of the latter Act. The Crime Victim Fund, established together with the Crime Victim Compensation and Support Authority, allows the provision of state compensation and of economic support for research, education and support on crime ...
Cybercrime encompasses a wide range of criminal activities that are carried out using digital devices and/or networks.These crimes involve the use of technology to commit fraud, identity theft, data breaches, computer viruses, scams, and expanded upon in other malicious acts. [1]
The Cyber Civil Rights Initiative (CCRI) is a non-profit organization. Founded in 2012 by Holly Jacobs, the organization offers services to victims of cybercrimes. The majority of which goes through its crisis helpline. They have compiled resources to help victims of cybercrimes in the U.S.A. and internationally. CCRI's resources include;
The Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) is a part of the Office of Justice Programs, within the U.S. Department of Justice. The OVC's mission is to provide aid and promote justice for crime victims. The office was created in 1988 in an amendment to the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) of 1984 .
Malicious code is a broad category that encompasses a number of threats to cyber-security. In essence it is any “hardware, software, or firmware that is intentionally included or inserted in a system for a harmful purpose.” [6] Commonly referred to as malware it includes computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, keyloggers, BOTs, Rootkits, and any software security exploits.
Cyber-bullying is very common among children and young adults that are ten to eighteen years old. [17] Victims of cyber-bullying, often feel negative about themselves after being bullied. It is also common for cyber-bullying to have negative effects on cyber victims' social well-being because it has a negative impact on their self-esteem. [18]