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The plant parts used are usually sprigs with both leaves and flowers, or alternatively the fruit ("berries"). [19] Hawthorn has been investigated by evidence-based medicine for treating cardiac insufficiency. [19] C. monogyna is a source of antioxidant phytochemicals, especially extracts of hawthorn leaves with flowers. [20]
Crataegus (/ k r ə ˈ t iː ɡ ə s /), [2] commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, [3] thornapple, [4] May-tree, [5] whitethorn, [5] Mayflower or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, [6] native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America.
It is grown for its decorative pink or white flowers, and is popular in bonsai culture. The fruit is edible when cooked, and can be used to make jam. [citation needed] Indian hawthorn is a mainstay horticultural specimen in southern United States. It is often found in commercial as well as in private landscapes.
The best known species is Rhaphiolepis indica (Indian hawthorn) from southern China, grown for its decorative pink flowers, and popular in bonsai culture. Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Yeddo hawthorn) from Japan and Korea has blunter leaves and white flowers. It is the hardiest species, tolerating temperatures down to about −15 °C (5 °F).
The leaves are semi-evergreen, oval to diamond-shaped, 4–8 cm long, with a serrated margin. The flowers are off-white, 2 cm diameter. The fruit is a globose to oblong orange-red pome 2 cm long and 1.5 cm diameter, ripening in late winter only shortly before the flowers of the following year. Mexican hawthorn tree laden with fruit
It is covered in fan-shaped green leaves about 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) long [4] with teeth along the distal margin. Thorns along the branches are 1–2.5 cm long. [4] White flowers with greenish centers grow in bunches at the ends of each thin branch. The fruit is a blackish pome up to about 1 cm across, containing 3–5 rocklike seeds. [4]
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Crataegus texana, the Texas hawthorn, is a member of the family Rosaceae. Typically, it is found in the form of a small tree or a large shrub and blooms in early spring, usually in the months of March and April. [2] Flowers of the Texas Hawthorn are white and usually produce small, one-inch, scarlet fruits that are said to resemble tiny red apples.