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Although the pia mater adheres to the surface of the brain, closely following the contours of its gyri and sulci, the arachnoid mater only covers its superficial surface, bridging across the gyri. This leaves wider spaces between the pia and arachnoid and the cavities are known as the subarachnoid cisterns. [citation needed]
Pia mater is medieval Latin meaning "tender mother". [1] The other two meningeal membranes are the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. Both the pia and arachnoid mater are derivatives of the neural crest while the dura is derived from embryonic mesoderm. The pia mater is a thin fibrous tissue that is permeable to water and small solutes.
The arachnoid mater is named after the Greek word arachne ("spider"), the suffix -oid ("in the image of"), and the Latin word mater ("mother"), because of the fine spider-web–like appearance of the delicate fibres of the arachnoid (arachnoid trabeculae) which extend down through the subarachnoid space and attach to the pia mater.
The angle formed in turn creates a subarachnoid cistern, the cerebellopontine angle cistern. The pia mater follows the outline of the fissure and the arachnoid mater continues across the divide so that the subarachnoid space is dilated at this area, forming the cerebellopontine angle cistern. [citation needed]
Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater is the subarachnoid space and subarachnoid cisterns, which contain the cerebrospinal fluid. [11] The outermost membrane of the cerebral cortex is the basement membrane of the pia mater called the glia limitans and is an important part of the blood–brain barrier. [12]
The cistern of lateral cerebral fossa [1] (also cistern of the lateral sulcus, or Sylvian cistern [2]) is an elongated [3] subarachnoid cistern formed by arachnoid mater bridging the lateral sulcus between the frontal, temporal, and parietal opercula.
The cisterna magna (posterior cerebellomedullary cistern, [1] or cerebellomedullary cistern [2] [3]) is the largest of the subarachnoid cisterns.It occupies the space created by the angle between the caudal/inferior surface of the cerebellum, and the dorsal/posterior surface of the medulla oblongata (it is created by the arachnoidea that bridges this angle [3]).
The interpeduncular cistern (or basal cistern [1]) is the subarachnoid cistern situated between the dorsum sellae (anteriorly) [2] and the two cerebral peduncles [1] [3] [2] at the front of the midbrain. [3] Its roof is represented by the floor of the third ventricle (i.e. posterior perforated substance, and the two mammillary bodies).