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Penis reduction or penis reduction surgery refers to efforts or an assortment of techniques intended to decrease the girth or length of the human penis, especially when erect. The motive behind such a procedure can range from complications such as macropenis , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] genital lymphedema , [ 3 ] or sex reassignment . [ 4 ]
Testicular atrophy is not related to the temporary shrinkage of the surrounding scrotum, which might occur in response to cold temperature. As the testicles are involved in testosterone and sperm production, the signs and symptoms of testicular atrophy overlap with those related to infertility or low testosterone levels. [1]
In a 2006 study, Zermann et al. found that 90.3% of the men who received a penile implant for urinary management reported that their urinary related problems were resolved after surgery. [3] Kimoto et al. found in 1994 that 93% of the men who had received penile implants for urinary management (a total of 51 men) reported that they were ...
Glans insufficiency syndrome, also known as soft glans, cold glans, or glans insufficiency, is a medical condition that affects male individuals. This condition is characterized by the persistent inability of the glans penis to achieve and maintain an erect or turgid state during sexual arousal , remaining soft and cold.
A penile implant is an implanted device intended for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, Peyronie's disease, ischemic priapism, deformity and any traumatic injury of the penis, and for phalloplasty or metoidioplasty, including in gender-affirming surgery. Men also opt for penile implants for aesthetic purposes.
Penile revascularization is a specialized vascular-surgical treatment option for erectile dysfunction. The 2009 International Consultation on Sexual Dysfunctions recommended that revascularization be limited to nonsmoker, nondiabetic men younger than 55 years of age with isolated stenosis of the internal pudendal artery with absence of venous leak. [1]
In sex reassignment surgeries, a new penis is formed with the use of a penile implant surrounded with a tissue flap. [11] The pump unit of inflatable penile implants resembles a human testicle and can serve as an artificial testicle for concomitant scrotoplasty. [12] Initially, standard penile implants were used in phalloplasty procedures.
In men, genital examination should be performed immediately after penile exposure, to avoid changes due to external temperature. The primary intent of the male exam is to exclude genuine penile anomalies such as hypospadias, epispadias and Peyronie's disease. [5] [19] The presence of a significant suprapubic fat pad should be noted as well. [21]