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Let R be an effective commutative ring.. There is an algorithm for testing if an element a is a zero divisor: this amounts to solving the linear equation ax = 0.; There is an algorithm for testing if an element a is a unit, and if it is, computing its inverse: this amounts to solving the linear equation ax = 1.
In three-dimensional Euclidean space, these three planes represent solutions to linear equations, and their intersection represents the set of common solutions: in this case, a unique point. The blue line is the common solution to two of these equations. Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as:
Once y is also eliminated from the third row, the result is a system of linear equations in triangular form, and so the first part of the algorithm is complete. From a computational point of view, it is faster to solve the variables in reverse order, a process known as back-substitution. One sees the solution is z = −1, y = 3, and x = 2. So ...
The rank–nullity theorem is a theorem in linear algebra, which asserts: the number of columns of a matrix M is the sum of the rank of M and the nullity of M ; and the dimension of the domain of a linear transformation f is the sum of the rank of f (the dimension of the image of f ) and the nullity of f (the dimension of the kernel of f ).
In linear algebra, the quotient of a vector space by a subspace is a vector space obtained by "collapsing" to zero. The space obtained is called a quotient space and is denoted V / N {\displaystyle V/N} (read " V {\displaystyle V} mod N {\displaystyle N} " or " V {\displaystyle V} by N {\displaystyle N} ").
For many problems in applied linear algebra, it is useful to adopt the perspective of a matrix as being a concatenation of column vectors. For example, when solving the linear system =, rather than understanding x as the product of with b, it is helpful to think of x as the vector of coefficients in the linear expansion of b in the basis formed by the columns of A.
As used in linear algebra, an augmented matrix is used to represent the coefficients and the solution vector of each equation set. For the set of equations + + = + + = + + = the coefficients and constant terms give the matrices = [], = [], and hence give the augmented matrix (|) = [].
Because a solution to a linear system must satisfy all of the equations, the solution set is the intersection of these lines, and is hence either a line, a single point, or the empty set. For three variables, each linear equation determines a plane in three-dimensional space , and the solution set is the intersection of these planes.