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A critical point of a function of a single real variable, f (x), is a value x 0 in the domain of f where f is not differentiable or its derivative is 0 (i.e. ′ =). [2] A critical value is the image under f of a critical point.
In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist.
Critical point may refer to: Critical phenomena in physics; Critical point (mathematics), in calculus, a point where a function's derivative is either zero or nonexistent; Critical point (set theory), an elementary embedding of a transitive class into another transitive class which is the smallest ordinal which is not mapped to itself
Critical variables are defined, for example in thermodynamics, in terms of the values of variables at the critical point. On a PV diagram, the critical point is an inflection point . Thus: [ 1 ]
The critical point is described by a conformal field theory. According to the renormalization group theory, the defining property of criticality is that the characteristic length scale of the structure of the physical system, also known as the correlation length ξ, becomes infinite. This can happen along critical lines in phase space.
Close enough to the critical point, everything can be reexpressed in terms of certain ratios of the powers of the reduced quantities. These are the scaling functions. The origin of scaling functions can be seen from the renormalization group. The critical point is an infrared fixed point. In a sufficiently small neighborhood of the critical ...
Considering a random network with an average degree the critical point is k = 1 {\displaystyle \langle k\rangle =1} where the average degree is defined by the fraction of the number of edges ( e {\displaystyle e} ) and nodes ( N {\displaystyle N} ) in the network, that is k = 2 e N {\displaystyle \langle k\rangle ={\frac {2e}{N}}} .
If is V, then (the critical point of ) is always a measurable cardinal, i.e. an uncountable cardinal number κ such that there exists a -complete, non-principal ultrafilter over . Specifically, one may take the filter to be { A ∣ A ⊆ κ ∧ κ ∈ j ( A ) } {\displaystyle \{A\mid A\subseteq \kappa \land \kappa \in j(A)\}} , which defines a ...