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Nazi officials, intent on eradicating the ghetto by hunger and disease, limited food and medical supplies. [5] An average daily food ration in 1941 for Jews in Warsaw was limited to 184 calories, compared to 699 calories allowed for gentile Poles and 2,613 calories for the Germans. [39] In August, the rations fell to 177 calories per person.
Barbed Wire Sunday (German: Stacheldrahtsonntag), is the name given to 13 August 1961, when the military and police of East Germany closed the border between East and West Berlin and began the construction of what would become the Berlin Wall. The intention of closing the border was to prevent the migration of East Germans to the West. [1]
British Red Cross parcel from the First World War. Red Cross parcel refers to packages containing mostly food, tobacco and personal hygiene items sent by the International Association of the Red Cross to prisoners of war (POWs) during the First and Second World Wars, [1] as well as at other times.
Subsequently, many ghettos were sealed from the outside, walled off with brickwork, or enclosed with barbed wire. In the case of sealed ghettos, any Jew caught leaving could be shot. The Warsaw Ghetto, located in the heart of the city, was the largest ghetto in Nazi occupied Europe, with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of 3.4 square ...
By noon, a large crowd of West Berlin demonstrators approached the wire at Schumann's post, shouting various slogans, including "Freiheit (Freedom)." Schumann recalled: "Suddenly the mass of people moved toward us like a living wall. I thought: they're going to run over us right away. I was nervous and didn't know what to do.
The barbed wire strands on the top of the signal fence activated an alarm when pulled or cut, alerting the border guards. The signal or "hinterland" fence (Signalzaun) was the first of the border fences, dividing the Sperrzone from the more heavily guarded protective strip (Schutzstreifen) adjoining the actual border.
British Prisoners of War in First World War Germany. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107199422. - Total pages: 308 ; Yarnall, John (2011). Barbed Wire Disease: British & German Prisoners of War, 1914-19. History Press. ISBN 9780752456904. - Total pages: 224
The camp, which had an area of 3600 m,² was surrounded with two parallel, 2,8 meter tall, electrically charged barbed wire fences. On the corners were 6,5 meter tall watchtowers equipped with searchlights. Outside the fence and across from the entrance were SS barracks, a dog kennel, and accommodation for the guards.