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Three-phase traffic theory is a theory of traffic flow developed by Boris Kerner between 1996 and 2002. [1] [2] [3] It focuses mainly on the explanation of the physics of traffic breakdown and resulting congested traffic on highways.
According to the definition [S] this pattern of congested traffic belongs to the "synchronized flow" traffic phase (Fig. 2 (a) and (b)). Fig.2. Empirical spatiotemporal common features of traffic congestion and the associated traffic phase definitions in Kerner's theory: (a) Measured data of average vehicle speed in time and space.
The first mathematical model of traffic flow in the framework of Kerner's three-phase traffic theory that mathematical simulations can show and explain traffic breakdown by an F → S phase transition in the metastable free flow at the bottleneck was the Kerner-Klenov stochastic microscopic traffic flow model introduced in 2002. [46]
Three-phase traffic theory is an alternative theory of traffic flow created by Boris Kerner at the end of 1990s. [24] [25] [26] Three-phase theory states that at any time instance there is a range of highway capacities of free flow at a bottleneck. The capacity range is between some maximum and minimum capacities.
Traffic modeling draws heavily on theoretical foundations like network theory and certain theories from physics like the kinematic wave model. The interesting quantity being modeled and measured is the traffic flow , i.e. the throughput of mobile units (e.g. vehicles ) per time and transportation medium capacity (e.g. road or lane width).
In the study of traffic flow theory, the flow-density diagram is used to determine the traffic state of a roadway. Currently, there are two types of flow density graphs: parabolic and triangular. Academia views the triangular flow-density curve as more the accurate representation of real world events. The triangular curve consists of two vectors.
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The phases operate together in three stages (1, 2 and 3). Moving phases are shown in green and stopped phases are shown in red. Phases are indications shown to traffic on traffic signal aspects (a single light on a signal head). For example, a green phase gives all traffic from a particular approach the right of way through the junction (bar ...