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The Health Promotion Board (HPB) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Health of the Government of Singapore. It was established in 2001 to act as the main driver for national health promotion and disease prevention programmes.
In 2000, Singapore was ranked 6th in the World Health Organization's ranking of the world's health systems. [1] Bloomberg ranked Singapore's healthcare system the most efficient in the world in 2014. [2] The Economist Intelligence Unit placed Singapore 2nd out of 166 countries for health-care outcomes. [3]
Macroglossia may be caused by a wide variety of congenital and acquired conditions.Isolated macroglossia has no determinable cause. [5] The most common causes of tongue enlargement are vascular malformations (e.g. lymphangioma or hemangioma) and muscular hypertrophy (e.g. Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome or hemihyperplasia). [3]
From thyroid problems to allergic reactions to serious infections, here are all the causes of a swollen tongue, doctors say. Plus, how to tell if you should worry.
Ludwig's angina (Latin: Angina ludovici) is a type of severe cellulitis involving the floor of the mouth [2] and is often caused by bacterial sources. [1] Early in the infection, the floor of the mouth raises due to swelling, leading to difficulty swallowing saliva.
It usually occurs in children and involves pain in front of the ear, swelling of the parotid, fever, chills, and headaches. [2] Bacterial sialadenitis is usually caused by ascending organisms from the mouth. Risk factors include reduced salivary flow. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated salivary gland disease (HIV-SGD). [1]
3. Facial swelling – usually unilaterally and affecting parotid region, under the tongue, or below the jaw. May have acute onset and may have a history of repeated episodes. 4. Recurrent painful swellings – indicative of chronic recurrent sialadenitis, may have similar signs and symptoms to an acute episode. 5.
In November 1999, then-Minister for Health Lim Hng Kiang announced that Singapore's public healthcare institutions would be reorganized into two delivery networks, or clusters. [2] In October 2000, the formation of the two clusters - National Healthcare Group and SingHealth - was officially completed. [ 3 ]