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Amphetamine [note 2] (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) ... modafinil) and is considered a third-line treatment option.
Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and eugeroic (wakefulness promoter) medication used primarily to treat narcolepsy, [3] [8] [15] a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. [16]
In the United States military, modafinil has been approved for use on certain Air Force missions, and it is being investigated for other uses. [19] As of November 2012, modafinil is the only drug approved by the Air Force as a "go pill" for fatigue management. [20] The use of dextroamphetamine (a.k.a., Dexedrine) is no longer approved. [20] Yes ...
Neurocognitive enhancing effects of stimulants, specifically modafinil, amphetamine and methylphenidate have been reported in healthy adolescents by some studies, [10] and is a commonly cited reason among illicit drug users for use, particularly among college students in the context of studying. [10]
Modafinil does not improve mood or motivation in sleep-deprived or non-sleep deprived individuals. [ 20 ] Methylphenidate – a benzylpiperidine derivative that may improve working memory , episodic memory , and inhibitory control , aspects of attention , and planning latency in healthy people.
The USAF banned the use of dextroamphetamine, [51] and due to amphetamines' addiction potential in some people, newer wakefulness-promoting drugs such as modafinil have been seen as possible safer alternatives for military use (as a go pill) in some countries, including the United States.
Modafinil and armodafinil are thought to act as selective, weak, atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRIs). [13] [3] [4] However, additional actions are also possible and have not been ruled out. [13] Adrafinil acts as a prodrug of modafinil and hence shares its mechanism of action. [13]
A Cephalon-founded study in which patients were administered modafinil, methylphenidate, and a placebo found that modafinil produces "psychoactive and euphoric effects and feelings consistent with [methylphenidate]." [12] Like modafinil, armodafinil is an inhibitor and/or inducer of certain cytochrome P450 enzymes.