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In some cases, the data sets are paired, meaning there is an obvious and meaningful one-to-one correspondence between the data in the first set and the data in the second set, compare Blocking (statistics). For example, paired data can arise from measuring a single set of individuals at different points in time. [1]
Others compare two or more paired or unpaired samples. Unpaired samples are also called independent samples. Paired samples are also called dependent. Finally, there are some statistical tests that perform analysis of relationship between multiple variables like regression. [1] Number of samples: The number of samples of data.
A paired difference test, better known as a paired comparison, is a type of location test that is used when comparing two sets of paired measurements to assess whether their population means differ. A paired difference test is designed for situations where there is dependence between pairs of measurements (in which case a test designed for ...
For partially paired data, the classical independent t-tests may give invalid results as the test statistic might not follow a t distribution, while the dependent t-test is sub-optimal as it discards the unpaired data. [21] Most two-sample t-tests are robust to all but large deviations from the assumptions. [22]
Analog Science Fiction: 1956 Extempore (short story) Damon Knight: Infinity Science Fiction: 1956 Eye for Eye: Orson Scott Card: Asimov's Science Fiction: 1987 Eyes Do More Than See: Isaac Asimov: The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction: 1965 Fair Game (short story) Philip K. Dick: If Magazine: 1959 Falling Onto Mars: Geoffrey A. Landis ...
"Arena" is a science fiction short story by American writer Fredric Brown, first published in the June 1944 issue of Astounding Science Fiction magazine. The members of the Science Fiction Writers of America selected it as one of the best science fiction stories published before the advent of the Nebula Awards, and as such it was included in ...
How to Read Numbers: A Guide to Statistics in the News (and Knowing When to Trust Them) is a 2021 British book by Tom and David Chivers. It describes misleading uses of statistics in the news, with contemporary examples about the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare, politics and crime. The book was conceived by the authors, who are cousins, in early ...
"Computers Don't Argue" is a 1965 science fiction short story by American writer Gordon R. Dickson, about the dangers of relying too strongly upon computers. It was nominated for a Nebula Award in 1966.