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A Spanish creole (Spanish: criollo), or Spanish-based creole language, is a creole language (contact language with native speakers) for which Spanish serves as its substantial lexifier. A number of creole languages are influenced to varying degrees by the Spanish language, including varieties known as Bozal Spanish, Chavacano, and Palenquero.
Kristang (Cristão) (Malaccan Creole Portuguese): spoken in Malacca, Malaysia and emigrant communities in Singapore and Perth, Western Australia Mardijker Creole : by the Mardijker people of Batavia ( Jakarta ) = Papiá Tugu: in Kampung Tugu , Jakarta , Indonesia .
Chavacano or Chabacano (Spanish pronunciation: [tʃaβaˈkano]) is a group of Spanish-based creole language varieties spoken in the Philippines.The variety spoken in Zamboanga City, located in the southern Philippine island group of Mindanao, has the highest concentration of speakers.
Creole is also known by cognates in other languages, such as crioulo, criollo, creolo, kriolu, criol, kreyol, kreol, kriol, krio, and kriyoyo. In Louisiana, the term Creole has been used since 1792 to represent descendants of African or mixed heritage parents as well as children of French and Spanish descent with no racial mixing.
A creole language is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages. Unlike a pidgin, a simplified form that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups, a creole language is a complete language, used in a community and acquired by children as their native language.
A creole language, [2] [3] [4] or simply creole, is a stable natural language that develops from the process of different languages simplifying and mixing into a new form (often a pidgin), and then that form expanding and elaborating into a full-fledged language with native speakers, all within a fairly brief period. [5]
Bozal Spanish is a possibly extinct Spanish-based creole language or pidgin that may have been a mixture of Spanish and Kikongo, with Portuguese influences. [2] Attestation is insufficient to indicate whether Bozal Spanish was ever a single, coherent or stable language, or if the term merely referred to any idiolect of Spanish that included African elements.
In parts of Spain, it is considered proper Spanish for the letter "z" and the combos "ci" and "ce" to be pronounced as [θ] (as in English thin), with the exceptions of Galicia, Andalusia/Andalucía and the Canary Islands. In most of Spanish-speaking Spain, the pronunciation of surnames ending in the letter "z" sound similar to the English "th".