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Shepilov was allowed to rejoin the party by Khrushchev's successor Leonid Brezhnev in 1976 but remained on the sidelines. [citation needed] Khrushchev also deposed Defense Minister Zhukov in 1961. Zhukov had assisted Khrushchev against the anti-party group, but the two developed significant political differences in the following years.
Georgy Malenkov, the Premier of the Soviet Union, emerged as one of the major contenders for the Soviet leadership in 1953, but lost to Khrushchev in 1955. [ 2 ] According to Stalin's secretary, Boris Bazhanov , Lenin “in general leaned towards a collegial leadership, with Trotsky in the first position”. [ 3 ]
Thereafter, a power struggle ensued between Malenkov and the First Secretary of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev, that ended decisively in the latter's favor by 1955. Lavrentiy Beria (1899–1953) [39] Georgy Malenkov (1902–1988) [37] Vyacheslav Molotov (1890–1986) [39] 14 October 1964 [45] ↓ 16 June 1977 [23] 12 years, 245 days
For all intents and purposes, Khrushchev replaced him as party leader; Khrushchev's name appeared atop a revised list of secretaries on 14 March, though he was not formally named First Secretary of the CPSU until September 1953. Malenkov remained as premier, beginning a period of a Malenkov-Khrushchev duumvirate. [21]
A Central Committee vote affirmed Khrushchev as First Secretary and deposed Anti-Party Group members Molotov, Kaganovich, and Malenkov from the Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee. 4 October: Sputnik was launched at 7:28 pm 1958: 27 March: Khrushchev replaced Bulganin as Premier of the Soviet Union. 1959: 1 January
Within a decade, Khrushchev declared, the Soviet people would have equal living standards and material comforts with the United States and Western Europe. [ citation needed ] In addition, the 22nd Congress saw a renewed attack on Stalin, which culminated in the expulsion of remaining Old Bolsheviks like Molotov and Kaganovich from the party.
Khrushchev subsequently outmanoeuvred his rivals, who sought to challenge his political reforms. He was able to comprehensively remove Malenkov, Molotov and Lazar Kaganovich (one of Stalin's oldest and closest associates) from power in 1957, an achievement which also helped to reinforce the supremacy of the position of First Secretary. [22]
Lenin, Stalin, Malenkov and Khrushchev preferred the post of the premier, while Brezhnev and his successors preferred that of the president." There: "The President of the Soviet Union was the Head of State of the USSR from 15 March 1990 to 25 December 1991.