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Modern liberalism, often referred to simply as liberalism, is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States. It combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy. Modern liberalism is one of two major political ideologies in the United States, with the other being conservatism.
Social liberalism [a] is a political philosophy and variety of liberalism that endorses social justice, social services, a mixed economy, and the expansion of civil and political rights, as opposed to classical liberalism which favors limited government and an overall more laissez-faire style of governance. While both are committed to personal ...
Modern liberalism in the United States originates from the reforms advocated by the progressive movement of the early 20th century. [29] Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal in response to the Great Depression, and the New Deal programs defined social liberalism in the United States, establishing it as a major ideology.
Some liberals, who call themselves classical liberals, fiscal conservatives, or libertarians, endorse fundamental liberal ideals but diverge from modern liberal thought on the grounds that economic freedom is more important than social equality. [35]
New liberalism, however, views society as an entity propelled by both individuals and itself, establishing an interdependent relationship between society and the individual. Thus, it occupies a middle ground between individualism and organicism. New liberalism advocates for the pursuit of the common good alongside individual interests. It ...
The development of liberalism continued throughout the 18th century with the burgeoning Enlightenment ideals of the era. This was a period of profound intellectual vitality that questioned old traditions and influenced several European monarchies throughout the 18th century.
Modern classical liberals oppose the concepts of social democracy and the welfare state. [93] The Bourbon Democrats were a faction of the Democratic Party in the 19th century that aligned with classical liberalism, [94] as does the modern-day Blue Dog Coalition. [95]
Marx's vision of his society established that there would be no classes, freedom of mankind, and the opportunity of self-interested labor to rid any alienation. [11] Since the mid-19th century, Engels overtook utopian socialism in terms of intellectual development and number of adherents.