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In anthropology, it refers primarily to cultural beliefs that ritual, prayer, sacrifice, and taboos will produce specific supernatural consequences. In psychology , it refers to an irrational belief that thoughts by themselves can affect the world or that thinking something corresponds with doing it.
False priors are initial beliefs and knowledge which interfere with the unbiased evaluation of factual evidence and lead to incorrect conclusions. Biases based on false priors include: Agent detection bias , the inclination to presume the purposeful intervention of a sentient or intelligent agent .
The context in which an ambiguous word is used often makes it clearer which of the meanings is intended. If, for instance, someone says "I put $100 in the bank", most people would not think someone used a shovel to dig in the mud. However, some linguistic contexts do not provide sufficient information to make a used word clearer.
This means that what constitutes a fallacy for one arguer may be a sound argument for another. [3] [9] This explains why, when trying to persuade someone, one should take the audience's beliefs into account. [3] But it can also make sense of arguments independent of an audience, unlike the dialogical approach. [9]
Subjective ambivalence is generally assessed using direct self-report measures regarding one's experience of conflict about the topic of interest. [4] Because subjective ambivalence is a secondary judgment of a primary evaluation (i.e., I'm conflicted of my positive attitude towards the president), it is considered to be metacognitive .
Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's beliefs or hypotheses while giving disproportionately less attention to information that contradicts it. [34] The effect is stronger for emotionally charged issues and for deeply entrenched beliefs. People also tend to ...
The term doxastic is derived from the ancient Greek word δόξα (or doxa), which means "belief". Thus, doxastic attitudes include beliefs and other psychological attitudes which resemble beliefs. [1] [2] Doxastic attitudes in many ways resemble propositional attitudes, although the two concepts are distinct from one another.
Also called humanocentrism. The practice, conscious or otherwise, of regarding the existence and concerns of human beings as the central fact of the universe. This is similar, but not identical, to the practice of relating all that happens in the universe to the human experience. To clarify, the first position concludes that the fact of human existence is the point of universal existence; the ...