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The global search for a genetic basis for breast and ovarian cancer began in earnest in 1988. In 1990, at a meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics, a team of scientists led by Mary-Claire King, from the University of California, Berkeley announced the localization through linkage analysis of a gene associated with increased risk for breast cancer to the long arm of chromosome 17. [6]
The Coalition for Genetic Fairness [18] presents some arguments for genetic nondiscrimination. As of 2007, their argument makes the claim that because all humans have genetic anomalies, this would prevent them from accessing medication and health insurance. The coalition also cites the potential for misuse of genetic information.
The benefits can be substantial, but so can the risks. The possible adverse consequences of genetic tests include discrimination in employment and health insurance and breaches of privacy. Government policies are therefore needed to assure the proper use of genetic tests. The first piece of federal legislation came into effect in 2000.
The costs of genetic testing vary depending on the type and complexity of the test. According to health experts, genetic test costs range from $100 to more than $2,000 without coverage. Some tests ...
Genetic testing is often done as part of a genetic consultation and as of mid-2008 there were more than 1,200 clinically applicable genetic tests available. [23] Once a person decides to proceed with genetic testing, a medical geneticist, genetic counselor, primary care doctor, or specialist can order the test after obtaining informed consent .
Medical genetic ethics is a field in which the ethics of medical genetics is evaluated. Like the other field of medicine, medical genetics also face ethical issues. The availability of direct to consumer (DTC) genetic testing to analyses the genetic variants which predispose the individuals to medical conditions like breast cancer and ovarian cancer [1] demands the review of the guidelines ...
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