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Olive baboon. Primatology is the scientific study of non-human primates. [1] It is a diverse discipline at the boundary between mammalogy and anthropology, and researchers can be found in academic departments of anatomy, anthropology, biology, medicine, psychology, veterinary sciences and zoology, as well as in animal sanctuaries, biomedical research facilities, museums and zoos. [2]
In primatology the interface between humans and other primates is generally described as competition for space and resources, a contest between humans and other primates. While competition does occur, it is a very incomplete description of the interface, and the co-ecologies, of humans and other primates.
Hand and arm gestures are also important forms of communication for great apes and a single gesture can have multiple functions. [148] Chest-beating in male gorillas is a form of visual and non-vocal sound communication that serves to show fitness to both rivals and females. [150] Primates are a particularly vocal group of mammals. [81]
The chimpanzee Böbe painting in 1967. Primate cognition is the study of the intellectual and behavioral skills of non-human primates, particularly in the fields of psychology, behavioral biology, primatology, and anthropology.
Turning to primatology in other areas of the globe, the contribution of Louis Leakey in the configuration of contemporary primatology is also notable. [ editorializing ] Even though Louis Leakey was not a primatologist (he was an archaeologist), he believed in the importance of studying non-human primates to better understand human evolution.
In primatology, the Machiavellian intelligence or social brain hypothesis describes the capacity of primates to manuever in complex social groups. [1] [2] The first introduction of this concept came from Frans de Waal's book Chimpanzee Politics (1982). In the book de Waal notes that chimpanzees performed certain social maneuvering behaviors ...
Toshisada Nishida (3 March 1941 – 7 June 2011) was a Japanese primatologist who established one of the first long term chimpanzee field research sites. He was the first to discover that chimpanzees, instead of forming nuclear family-like arrangements, live a communal life with territorial boundaries.
The arboreal theory claims that primates evolved from their ancestors by adapting to arboreal life. [1] [2] It was proposed by Grafton Elliot Smith (1912), a neuroanatomist who was chiefly concerned with the emergence of the primate brain.