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In statistics, a proxy or proxy variable is a variable that is not in itself directly relevant, but that serves in place of an unobservable or immeasurable variable. [1] In order for a variable to be a good proxy, it must have a close correlation, not necessarily linear, with the variable of interest. This correlation might be either positive ...
In each case, the proxy indicator has been influenced by a particular seasonal climate parameter (e.g., summer temperature or monsoon intensity) at the time in which they were laid down or grew. Interpretation of climate proxies requires a range of ancillary studies, including calibration of the sensitivity of the proxy to climate and cross ...
The proloculus (the first chamber) sizes of benthic forams are affected by sea water temperature and their mean has been used as proxy for paleoclimatic investigations. [2] Mean test diameters of the planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa have been used to interpret sea surface temperature history in Somali Basin. R-mode factor and Q-mode ...
A paleothermometer is a methodology that provides an estimate of the ambient temperature at the time of formation of a natural material. Most paleothermometers are based on empirically-calibrated proxy relationships, such as the tree ring or TEX 86 methods.
Indicator organisms are used as a proxy to monitor conditions in a particular environment, ecosystem, area, habitat, or consumer product. Certain bacteria , fungi and helminth eggs are being used for various purposes.
This chart is the latest reminder that economic data can be "full-on Monet": From a distance, patterns and trends become clear.But up close, it’s a mess. Analyzing short-term moves in data is ...
Volume indicators are technical tools to evaluate a security’s bull and bear power.
I mean, I know -- I guess, that according to the Bible, the prophecy is for the fools. ... I guess you could sort of proxy that with the drop in the UMI. ... is a huge indicator for our future ...