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In philosophy and sociology, culturalism (new humanism or Znaniecki's humanism) is the central importance of culture as an organizing force in human affairs. [1] [2] [3] It is also described as an ontological approach that seeks to eliminate simple binaries between seemingly opposing phenomena such as nature and culture. [4]
Sociology of literature, film, and art is a subset of the sociology of culture. This field studies the social production of artistic objects and its social implications. A notable example is Pierre Bourdieu's Les Règles de L'Art: Genèse et Structure du Champ Littéraire (1992). [129]
A culture of life describes a way of life based on the belief that human life begins at conception, and is sacred at all stages from conception through natural death. [1] It opposes abortion, euthanasia, capital punishment (also known as the death penalty), [note 1] studies and medicines involving embryonic stem cells, and contraception, because they are seen as destroying life.
Contemporary sociologists' approach to culture is often divided between a "sociology of culture" and "cultural sociology"—the terms are similar, though not interchangeable. [2] The sociology of culture is an older concept, and considers some topics and objects as more or less "cultural" than others.
When used as a cultural label, the word "deaf" is often written with a capital D, and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. Ethical culture; Gun culture; Horse culture – a community whose day-to-day life revolves around the herding and breeding of horses; LGBT culture; Modern juggling culture; Surf culture; Video game culture
Cultural sociology was then reinvented in the English-speaking world as a product of the cultural turn of the 1960s, which ushered in structuralist and postmodern approaches to social science. This type of cultural sociology may be loosely regarded as an approach incorporating cultural analysis and critical theory.
Alexander distinguishes between the sociology of culture and cultural sociology. The sociology of culture sees culture as a dependent variable—that is, a product of extra-cultural factors such as the economy or interest-laden politics—whereas cultural sociology sees culture as having more autonomy and gives more weight to inner meanings.
Cultural reproduction, a concept first developed by French sociologist and cultural theorist Pierre Bourdieu, [1] [2] is the mechanisms by which existing cultural forms, values, practices, and shared understandings (i.e., norms) are transmitted from generation to generation, thereby sustaining the continuity of cultural experience across time.