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The Roman Senate (Latin: Senātus Rōmānus) was the highest and constituting assembly of ancient Rome and its aristocracy.With different powers throughout its existence it lasted from the first days of the city of Rome (traditionally founded in 753 BC) as the Senate of the Roman Kingdom, to the Senate of the Roman Republic and Senate of the Roman Empire and eventually the Byzantine Senate of ...
Diocletian's reforms also ended whatever illusion had remained that the Senate had independent legislative, judicial, or electoral powers. The Senate did, however, retain its legislative powers over public games in Rome, and over the senatorial order.
In 50, the Senate, led by Pompey, ordered Caesar to disband his army and return to Rome because his term as a governor had ended. [7] Caesar thought he would be prosecuted if he entered Rome without the immunity enjoyed by a magistrate. On 10 January 49 he crossed the Rubicon and ignited a civil war. He marched rapidly on Rome and captured it.
The end of the Crisis can likewise either be dated from the assassination of Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC, after he and Sulla had done so much "to dismantle the government of the Republic", [23] or alternately when Octavian was granted the title of Augustus by the Senate in 27 BC, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. [24]
Sulla's march on Rome: The consul Sulla led an army of his partisans across the pomerium into Rome. Social War (91–89 BC): The war ended. 87 BC: First Mithridatic War: Roman forces landed at Epirus. 85 BC: First Mithridatic War: A peace was agreed between Rome and Pontus under which the latter returned to its pre-war borders. 83 BC
When the city of Rome was founded (traditionally dated at 753 BC), a senate and an assembly, the Curiate Assembly, were both created. The Curiate Assembly was the principal legislative assembly during the era of the Roman Kingdom. While its primary purpose was to elect new kings, it also possessed rudimentary legislative powers.
The Senate, fearing Imperial wrath, [16] raised two of their own as co-Emperors, Pupienus and Balbinus, with Gordian I's grandson Gordian III as Caesar. [17] Maximinus marched on Rome but was assassinated by his Legio II Parthica , and subsequently Pupienus and Balbinus were murdered by the Praetorian Guard .
The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided among several successor polities.