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[H 41] During the presidency of Bernardino Machado, the former Grand Master of the Unified Lusitanian Grand Orient, the country entered the war after signing agreements with the Allied forces. [H 42] Portuguese Freemasonry supported this war effort, with almost all Freemasons sharing this commitment. This support was aligned with the various ...
By the late 1850s, masonry in America was the subject of renewed popular interest and lodge membership, which had bottomed out during the anti-Masonic period began to rise. By the time of the American Civil War, U.S. freemasonry tripled its membership from 66,000 to 200,000 members in over 5000 lodges nationwide.
The Friend to Friend Masonic Memorial is a Gettysburg Battlefield monument depicting the "Armistead-Bingham incident" [1] in which Union Army Captain Henry H. Bingham assisted wounded Confederate Brigadier General Lewis Addison Armistead. Both men were Freemasons. This event occurred shortly after Pickett's Charge [2] on July 3, 1863. However ...
The Better Angels of our Nature: Freemasonry in the American Civil War (U of Alabama Press, 2010) excerpt; Hernández, Miguel. The Ku Klux Klan and Freemasonry in 1920s America: Fighting Fraternities (Taylor Francis, 2019) Hinks, Peter P. et al. All Men Free and Brethren: Essays on the History of African American Freemasonry (Cornell UP, 2013).
From its pre-World War I pacifism to the Union sacrée during the 1914–1918 war, Freemasonry emerged after the conflict as a vocal opponent of threats to secularism between 1920 and 1924. Subsequently, it provided substantial backing to the recently established League of Nations and the left-wing Cartel des Gauches .
As in Europe, Masonic activities were banned during World War II but resumed after the conflict. [A 68] In 1972, the National Grand Lodge of France established a presence with the lodge Abraham Lincoln. Between 1979 and 1989, this obedience established seven additional lodges.
The Ministry of Defence forbade officers from becoming Freemasons, with officers who remained as Masons being sidelined. [14] During the war, Freemasonry was banned by edict in all countries that were either allied with the Nazis or under Nazi control, including Norway and France. Anti-Masonic exhibitions were held in many occupied countries.
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