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Schooling also has disadvantages, such as excretion buildup in the breathing media and oxygen and food depletion. The way the fish array in the school probably gives energy saving advantages, though this is controversial. [5] Schools of forage fish often accompany large predator fish. Here a school of jacks accompany a great barracuda.
Schooling on a wreck, Taba, Egypt. The schooling bannerfish is a small fish that can reach a maximum length of 18–21 cm. [2] [3] Its body is compressed laterally, and the first rays of its dorsal fin stretch in a long white filament. Its background color is white with two large black diagonal bands.
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Caesionidae are schooling fish, often in mixed species aggregations with other fusiliers. [8] The extensible upper jaws.are adapted for picking zooplankton. [7] Fusiliers are diurnal, they spend the day feeding in large aggregations in middle of the water column over reefs, along steep outer reef slopes and around pinnacles in deep water in ...
A bait ball, or baitball, occurs when small fish swarm in a tightly packed spherical formation about a common centre. [1] It is a last-ditch defensive measure adopted by small schooling fish when they are threatened by predators. Small schooling fish are eaten by many types of predators, and for this reason they are called bait fish or forage fish.
In the marine environment, shad are schooling fish. Thousands are often seen at the surface in spring, summer, and autumn. They are hard to find in the winter, as they tend to go deeper before spawning season in the range 13–18 °C (55–64 °F); [9] they have been pulled up in nets as deep as 120 metres (65 fathoms).
The fish is most often kept in community tanks by aquarium hobbyists. The cherry barb is a schooling fish and is best kept in groups of five or more individuals, [8] though the schools are often less discrete than those of other barbs. Within these schools, there will most likely be a hierarchy.
A single prey fish creates a simple particle velocity pattern, whereas the pressure gradients of many closely swimming (schooling) prey fish overlap, creating a complex pattern. This makes it difficult for predatory fishes to identify individual prey through lateral line perception.