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We consider estimating the density of the Gaussian mixture (4π) −1 exp(− 1 ⁄ 2 (x 1 2 + x 2 2)) + (4π) −1 exp(− 1 ⁄ 2 ((x 1 - 3.5) 2 + x 2 2)), from 500 randomly generated points. We employ the Matlab routine for 2-dimensional data. The routine is an automatic bandwidth selection method specifically designed for a second order ...
3D pose estimation is a process of predicting the transformation of an object from a user-defined reference pose, given an image or a 3D scan. It arises in computer vision or robotics where the pose or transformation of an object can be used for alignment of a computer-aided design models, identification, grasping , or manipulation of the object.
Kernel density estimation of 100 normally distributed random numbers using different smoothing bandwidths.. In statistics, kernel density estimation (KDE) is the application of kernel smoothing for probability density estimation, i.e., a non-parametric method to estimate the probability density function of a random variable based on kernels as weights.
Besides the ability to incorporate more variables, another feature that distinguishes a carpet plot from an equivalent contour plot or 3D surface plot is that a carpet plot can be used to more accurately interpolate data points. A conventional carpet plot can capture the interaction of up to three independent variables and three dependent ...
The contours can be of two kinds: Isolines – lines following a single data level, or isovalue. Isobands – filled areas between isolines. Typical applications include the contour lines on topographic maps or the generation of isobars for weather maps. Marching squares takes a similar approach to the 3D marching cubes algorithm:
The artificial landscapes presented herein for single-objective optimization problems are taken from Bäck, [1] Haupt et al. [2] and from Rody Oldenhuis software. [3] Given the number of problems (55 in total), just a few are presented here. The test functions used to evaluate the algorithms for MOP were taken from Deb, [4] Binh et al. [5] and ...
It is a surface that represents points of a constant value (e.g. pressure, temperature, velocity, density) within a volume of space; in other words, it is a level set of a continuous function whose domain is 3-space. The term isoline is also sometimes used for domains of more than 3 dimensions. [1] Isosurface of vorticity trailed from a ...
Representative porkchop plot for the 2005 Mars launch opportunity (horizontal axis: departure dates in mm/dd notation, vertical axis: arrival dates (mm/dd)) A given blue contour represents a solution with a constant C 3. The center of the porkchop is the optimal solution for the lowest C 3.