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The four-square cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique. [1] It was invented by the French cryptographer Felix Delastelle . The technique encrypts pairs of letters ( digraphs ), and falls into a category of ciphers known as polygraphic substitution ciphers .
In 1925 Luigi Sacco of the Italian Signals Corps began writing a book on ciphers which included reflections on the codes of the Great War, Nozzioni di crittografia. He observed that Fleissner's method could be applied to a fractionating cipher, such as a Delastelle Bifid or Four-Square, with considerable increase in security.
Delastelle's other polygraphic substitution ciphers included the trifid [3] and four-square ciphers. [4] The last of these is a variant on the earlier Playfair cipher: Delastelle may have been unaware of Playfair, but he had certainly read of the fractionating cipher described by Pliny Chase in 1859. There are few biographical details.
The Two-square cipher, also called double Playfair, is a manual symmetric encryption technique. [1] It was developed to ease the cumbersome nature of the large encryption/decryption matrix used in the four-square cipher while still being slightly stronger than the single-square Playfair cipher.
Copiale cipher: Solved in 2011 1843 "The Gold-Bug" cryptogram by Edgar Allan Poe: Solved (solution given within the short story) 1882 Debosnys cipher: Unsolved 1885 Beale ciphers: Partially solved (1 out of the 3 ciphertexts solved between 1845 and 1885) 1897 Dorabella Cipher: Unsolved 1903 "The Adventure of the Dancing Men" code by Arthur ...
A cryptogram is a type of puzzle that consists of a short piece of encrypted text. [1] Generally the cipher used to encrypt the text is simple enough that the cryptogram can be solved by hand. Substitution ciphers where each letter is replaced by a different letter, number, or symbol are frequently used. To solve the puzzle, one must recover ...
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The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher. The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone , but bears the name of Lord Playfair for promoting its use.