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Iron gall ink (also known as common ink, standard ink, oak gall ink or iron gall nut ink) is a purple-black or brown-black ink made from iron salts and tannic acids from vegetable sources. It was the standard ink formulation used in Europe for the 1400-year period between the 5th and 19th centuries, remained in widespread use well into the 20th ...
About 1,600 years ago, a popular ink recipe was created. The recipe was used for centuries. Iron salts, such as ferrous sulfate (made by treating iron with sulfuric acid), were mixed with tannin from gallnuts (they grow on trees) and a thickener. When first put to paper, this ink is bluish-black. Over time it fades to a dull brown.
This blue-black ink is made from iron salts and tannic acid from vegetable sources. Prior to the ready availability of manufactured ink, iron gall ink was often homemade. Stark's ink was one iron gall ink recipe, named after the Scottish chemist who devised it after spending several decades experimenting with hundreds of formulations. [5]
India ink – a type of ink; Ink – a substance used to stain or dye; Ink blotter – a pad used to absorb excess ink; Inkpot – a low-lying bottle used to hold ink; Inkwell – a low-lying bottle used to hold ink; Iron gall ink – a purple-black or brown-black ink made from iron salts and tannic acids
Metallic gold, in very small concentrations (around 0.001%, or 10 ppm), produces a rich ruby-colored glass ("Ruby Gold" or "Rubino Oro"), while lower concentrations produces a less intense red, often marketed as "cranberry". The color is caused by the size and dispersion of gold particles. Ruby gold glass is usually made of lead glass with ...
Iron pigments. Yellow ochre (PY43): a naturally occurring clay of monohydrated ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ·H 2 O). Lead pigments. Naples yellow (PY41). Lead-tin-yellow: PbSnO 4 or Pb(Sn,Si)O 3. Titanium pigments. Titanium yellow (PY53): NiO·Sb 2 O 3 ·20TiO 2; Tin pigments. Mosaic gold: stannic sulfide (SnS 2). Zinc pigments
Pigments for sale at a market stall in Goa, India. A pigment is a powder used to add color or change visual appearance. Pigments are completely or nearly insoluble and chemically unreactive in water or another medium; in contrast, dyes are colored substances which are soluble or go into solution at some stage in their use.
The best distinction between inks and pigments is that ink is a colored liquid while pigments are colored particles suspended in a liquid. [4] Areas colored by pigments usually have multiple layers of pigments and other mediums. [2] The most important aspect of preserving pigments and inks is to identify their composition.