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Methyl pentanoate, commonly known as methyl valerate, is the methyl ester of pentanoic acid (valeric acid) with a fruity odor. Methyl pentanoate is commonly used in fragrances, beauty care, soap, laundry detergents at levels of 0.1–1%. In a very pure form (greater than 99.5%) it is used as a plasticizer in the manufacture of plastics.
The valerate, or pentanoate, ion is C 4 H 9 COO −, the conjugate base of valeric acid. It is the form found in biological systems at physiological pH . A valerate, or pentanoate, compound is a carboxylate salt or ester of valeric acid.
Pentyl pentanoate (C 4 H 9 COOC 5 H 11) is an ester used in dilute solution to replicate the scent or flavour of apple, and sometimes pineapple. [1] It is referred to as pentyl valerate or amyl pentanoate using classical nomenclature. it can be used for a variety of chemical uses, such as in the production of flavoured products, like sweets.
γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV), also known as 4-methyl-GHB, is a designer drug related to γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). It is sometimes seen on the grey market as a legal alternative to GHB, but with lower potency and higher toxicity, [ 2 ] properties which have tended to limit its recreational use.
In Poland, Bulgaria, Romania and the former Soviet Union states including Russia, menthyl isovalerate mixed with roughly 25% menthol is sold as an anxiolytic under various trade names including Extravalerianic, Validol, Valofin, and Menthoval.
Ethyl pentanoate, also commonly known as ethyl valerate, is an organic compound used in flavors. It is an ester with the molecular formula C 7 H 14 O 2. This colorless liquid is poorly soluble in water but miscible with organic solvents. As is the case with most volatile esters, it has a pleasant aroma and taste.
γ-Valerolactone (GVL) or gamma-valerolactone is an organic compound with the formula C 5 H 8 O 2.This colourless liquid is one of the more common lactones.GVL is chiral but is usually used as the racemate.
The oxidation of a methyl group occurs widely in nature and industry. The oxidation products derived from methyl are hydroxymethyl group −CH 2 OH, formyl group −CHO, and carboxyl group −COOH. For example, permanganate often converts a methyl group to a carboxyl (−COOH) group, e.g. the conversion of toluene to benzoic acid.