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Water fluoridation is not mandatory, and while there is a recommended fluoride concentration in drinking water (0.7 milligrams per liter) from the CDC, that level is not an enforceable standard.
Water fluoridation, which is the act of adding fluoride to drinking water to reach a recommended level, is designed to help prevent cavities, the ADA explains. The ADA refers to this as a “cost ...
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. says fluoride should be removed from drinking water, but experts say the naturally occurring mineral is safe and improves oral health
Those who emphasize the public good emphasize the medical consensus that appropriate levels of water fluoridation are safe and effective to prevent cavities and see it as a public health intervention, replicating the benefits of naturally fluoridated water, which can free people from the misery and expense of tooth decay and toothache, with the ...
All fluoridation methods, including water fluoridation, create low levels of fluoride ions in saliva and plaque fluid, thus exerting a topical or surface effect. A person living in an area with fluoridated water may experience rises of fluoride concentration in saliva to about 0.04 mg/L several times during a day. [3]
Water fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply in order to reduce tooth decay. [28] Its use in the U.S. began in the 1940s, following studies of children in a region where water is naturally fluoridated. In 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan became the first city in the world to fluoridate its drinking water.
The widespread use of toothpaste and mouthwashes with added fluoride in recent decades appears to have diminished the known public health benefits of water fluoridation, a new study suggests.
The benefits of water fluoridation have lessened recently, presumably because of the availability of fluoride in other forms, but are still measurable, particularly for low-income groups. [9] Systematic reviews in 2000 and 2007 showed significant reduction of cavities in children exposed to water fluoridation. [10]