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Carbaryl is a cholinesterase inhibitor and is toxic to humans. It is classified as a likely human carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA.) [13] The oral LD 50 is 250 to 850 mg/kg for rats and 100 to 650 mg/kg for mice. [8] Carbaryl can be produced using methyl isocyanate (MIC) as an intermediary. [5]
Toxicity labels [1] viz; red label, yellow label, blue label and green label are mandatory labels employed on pesticide containers in India identifying the level of toxicity (that is, the toxicity class) of the contained pesticide. [1] [2] [3] The schemes follows from the Insecticides Act of 1968 [1] and the Insecticides Rules of 1971.
The biological activity of a pesticide, be it chemical or biological in nature, is determined by its active ingredient (AI - also called the active substance). Pesticide products very rarely consist of the pure active ingredient.
In 40 CFR 156.62, the EPA established four Toxicity Categories for acute hazards of pesticide products, with "Category I" being the highest toxicity category (toxicity class).
Indian toxicity label system Toxicity symbol for European toxicity class I and class II. Toxicity class refers to a classification system for pesticides that has been created by a national or international government-related or -sponsored organization.
The carbamate insecticide Carbaryl. The so-called carbamate insecticides feature the carbamate ester functional group. Included in this group are aldicarb ( Temik ), carbofuran (Furadan), carbaryl (Sevin), ethienocarb , fenobucarb , oxamyl , and methomyl .
Most cases of carbamate poisoning are due to exposure to pesticide products containing the chemical. The most common carbamate chemicals in use are captan, ferbam, carbofuran, carbaryl, and aldicarb. Suicidal and homicidal poisonings also occur, but are rare, due to the lower lethality of carbamates in humans compared to other toxic substances. [5]
Carbofuran is a carbamate insecticide, banned in the US, the EU and Canada but still widely used in South America, Australia and Asia. [6] It is a systemic insecticide, which means that the plant absorbs it through the roots, and from there the plant distributes it throughout its organs where insecticidal concentrations are attained.