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Apollo, God of Light, Eloquence, Poetry and the Fine Arts with Urania, ... Omens, symbols, purifications, and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts.
The symbols for Jupiter and Saturn are monograms of the initial letters of the corresponding Greek names, and the symbol for Mercury is a stylized caduceus. [3] A.S.D. Maunder finds antecedents of the planetary symbols in earlier sources, used to represent the gods associated with the classical planets.
Planetary symbols are used in astrology and traditionally in astronomy to represent a classical planet (which includes the Sun and the Moon) or one of the modern planets. The classical symbols were also used in alchemy for the seven metals known to the ancients, which were associated with the planets, and in calendars for the seven days of the week associated with the seven planets.
Apollo with a radiant halo in a Roman floor mosaic (late 2nd century, El Djem, Tunisia) The halo represents an aura or the glow of sanctity which was conventionally drawn encircling the head. It first appeared in the culture of Hellenistic Greece and Rome , possibly related to the Zoroastrian hvarena – "glory" or "divine lustre" – which ...
Servius, a late fourth/early fifth-century grammarian, wrote that Artemis was born first because at first it was night, whose instrument is the Moon, which Artemis represents, and then day, whose instrument is the Sun, which Apollo represents. [203] Pindar however writes that both twins shone like the Sun when they came into the bright light. [204]
Helios is sometimes identified with Apollo: "Different names may refer to the same being," Walter Burkert argues, "or else they may be consciously equated, as in the case of Apollo and Helios." [ 379 ] Apollo was associated with the Sun as early as the fifth century BC, though widespread conflation between him and the Sun god was a later ...
The palm was a symbol of Phoenicia and appeared on Punic coins. In ancient Greek, the word for palm, phoinix, was thought to be related to the ethnonym. In Archaic Greece, the palm tree was a sacred sign of Apollo, who had been born under a palm on the island of Delos. [8] The palm thus became an icon of the Delian League.
Servius, a grammarian who lived during the late 300s AD and early 400s AD, wrote that Artemis was born first because first came the night, whose instrument is the moon, which Artemis represents, and then the day, whose instrument is the sun, which Apollo represents. [51]