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Diagram of the pressure instrumentation on a process vessel. Oil, gas and petrochemical processes are undertaken at specific operating pressures. Pressure is measured by pressure sensors (PE) which send pressure (PT) signals to pressure controllers (PIC). Pressure vessels and tanks are fitted with local pressure indicators (PI).
Integrated Electronics Piezo-Electric (IEPE) characterises a technical standard for piezoelectric sensors which contain built-in impedance conversion electronics. IEPE sensors are used to measure acceleration, force or pressure. Measurement microphones also apply the IEPE standard. Other proprietary names for the same principle are ICP, CCLD ...
A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain, or force by converting them to an electrical charge. The prefix piezo- is Greek for 'press' or 'squeeze'.
A heated metal wire (sensor wire, or simply sensor) suspended in a gas will lose heat to the gas as its molecules collide with the wire and remove heat. If the gas pressure is reduced, the number of molecules present will fall proportionately and the wire will lose heat more slowly. Measuring the heat loss is an indirect indication of pressure.
Technically speaking, most pressure sensors are really differential pressure sensors; for example a gauge pressure sensor is merely a differential pressure sensor in which one side is open to the ambient atmosphere. A DP cell is a device that measures the differential pressure between two inputs. [2]
A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another. [1] Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical quantities (energy, force, torque, light, motion, position, etc.).
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This is commonly referred to as gauge pressure. Boost pressure is relative to absolute pressure - as one increases or decreases, so does the other. It is a one-to-one relationship with an offset of -100 kPa for boost pressure. Thus, a MAP sensor will always read 100 kPa more than a boost sensor measuring the same conditions.