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Warfarin Additive effect Ginger: Zingiber officinale: Warfarin Additive effect, causes iris bleeding [3] Ginkgo gingko Ginkgo biloba: Aspirin, warfarin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, garlic, vitamin E [15] With aspirin – retards aspirin absorption [3] Ginseng: Panax ginseng: Warfarin [15] Papaya extract Carica papaya: Warfarin
The therapeutic effects of warfarin may be decreased by valerian. Anticoagulants can be affected by chamomile. Dong quai, garlic, ginger, Ginkgo biloba, bilberry and feverfew can increase bleeding time. These same herbal supplements taken with warfarin increased prothrombin time. [24]
Warfarin interacts with many commonly used drugs, and the metabolism of warfarin varies greatly between patients. [27] Some foods have also been reported to interact with warfarin. [27] Apart from the metabolic interactions, highly protein bound drugs can displace warfarin from serum albumin and cause an increase in the INR. [63]
In pharmaceutical sciences, drug interactions occur when a drug's mechanism of action is affected by the concomitant administration of substances such as foods, beverages, or other drugs. A popular example of drug–food interaction is the effect of grapefruit on the metabolism of drugs .
Phenytoin, a CYP2C9 inducer, would increase its activity and the rate of warfarin breakdown, thereby reducing its efficacy. [23] Patients should avoid the co-administration of warfarin and phenytoin. In cases where both drugs must be used together, warfarin dosing may be titrated up to cope with the reduced efficacy. [24]
An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. [1] Some occur naturally in blood-eating animals, such as leeches and mosquitoes, which help keep the bite area unclotted long enough for the animal to obtain blood.
Ginger is a common spice used worldwide, whether for meals or as a folk medicine. [42] Ginger can be used for a variety of food items such as vegetables, candy, soda, pickles, and alcoholic beverages. [39] Ginger is a fragrant kitchen spice. [5] Young ginger rhizomes are juicy and fleshy with a mild taste.
The drugs are structurally similar to vitamin K and act as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. The term "vitamin K antagonist" is a misnomer , as the drugs do not directly antagonise the action of vitamin K in the pharmacological sense, but rather the recycling of vitamin K.