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The euro area, [8] commonly called the eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies.
All de facto present currencies in Europe, and an incomplete list of the preceding currency, are listed here. In Europe, the most commonly used currency is the euro (used by 26 countries); any country entering the European Union (EU) is expected to join the eurozone [1] when they meet the five convergence criteria. [2]
The euro remains underweight as a reserve currency in advanced economies while overweight in emerging and developing economies: according to the International Monetary Fund [83] the total of euro held as a reserve in the world at the end of 2008 was equal to $1.1 trillion or €850 billion, with a share of 22% of all currency reserves in ...
The euro is the result of the European Union's project for economic and monetary union that came fully into being on 1 January 2002 and it is now the currency used by the majority of the European Union's member states, with all but Denmark (which has an opt-out in the EU treaties) bound to adopt it.
The euro became the currency of the eurozone countries, including Ireland, on 1 January 1999. As with all eurozone countries, Ireland continued to mint its own banknotes after the currency changeover to the euro. Previously issued Irish banknotes circulated concurrently with the newer Irish-minted euro denominated banknotes.
Both series are legal tender in the eurozone. Banknotes of the euro, the common currency of the eurozone (euro area members), have been in circulation since the first series (also called ES1) was issued in 2002. They are issued by the national central banks of the Eurosystem or the European Central Bank. [1]
Although the euro became the currency of the eurozone countries including Ireland on 1 January 1999, it was not until 1 January 2002 that the state began to withdraw Irish pound coins and notes, replacing them with euro notes and coins. All other eurozone countries withdrew their currencies in a similar fashion, from that date.
Ireland is part of the EU (dark blue & purple) and Eurozone (dark blue). Ireland adopted the euro currency in 2002 along with eleven other EU member states. [69] As of January 2023 there are 20 EU member states using the euro currency with Croatia the most recent member to join on 1 January 2023. [112]